This paper shows that there are large differences in cognitive and socio-emotional development between children from … rich and poor backgrounds at the age of 3, and that this gap widens by the age of 5. Children from poor backgrounds also … face much less advantageous "early childhood caring environments" than children from better off families. For example we …

We estimate production functions for cognition and health for children aged 1-12 in India, based on the Young Lives … Survey. India has over 70 million children aged 0-5 who are at risk of developmental deficits. The inputs into the production … investments affect cognitive development at all ages, but more so for younger children. Investments also have an impact on health …

This paper examines the impact of month of birth on national achievement test scores in England whilst children are in … younger children performing significantly worse, on average, than their older peers. Furthermore, almost all of this … difference is due to the fact that younger children sit exams up to one year earlier than older cohort members. The difference in …

children, but the effects on long-term health are overall negligible. However, we demonstrate that the schooling reform had …

Young children in poor communities are spending more hours in non-parental care due to policy reforms and expansion of … early childhood programs. Studies show positive effects of high-quality center-based care on children's cognitive growth …-based care. Using a sample of children age 12 to 42 months when their mothers entered welfare-to-work programs, this paper finds …

between children born at the start and end of the academic year. It builds on the previous literature on this topic in England … differences in outcomes between children born in different months that we observe. Specifically, we compare differences in tests … oldest and youngest children in an academic cohort; highlighting that children born at the end of the academic year are at a …