primarily through reducing consumer demand or through tightening liquidity constraint on non-financial firms? Since most non … methodology to estimate these two channels of spillovers. We first propose an index of a firm's sensitivity to consumer demand …

This paper estimates factors affecting demand for Fund financing by Low-Income Countries (LICs) in response to policy …. Therefore, the demand for Fund financing by LICs is likely to be cyclical in response to common shocks with its intens …

countries/regions over the period 1979Q2 2011Q2, to discriminatebetween supply-driven and demand-driven oil-price shocks and to … economicconsequences of a supply-driven oil-price shock are very different from those of an oil-demand shock driven by global economic …-exporting countries that possess large proven oil/gas reserves. However, in response to an oil-demand disturbance, almost all countries in …

Intro -- Contents -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. REGIONAL BARRIERS TO RETAIL COMPETITION IN SPAIN -- III. A COURNOT …

policy analysis, spillover analysis, and forecasting applications of the estimated model are demonstrated, based on a …

. Short-term forecasting would imply persistence of observed trends, as market fundamentals and underlying monetary policies …

forecasting applications of the estimated model are demonstrated, based on a novel Bayesian framework for conditioning on judgment …