better career prospects and higher research incentives compared to others. Academic career prospects and motivation are … differences. Finally, good prospects in non-academic jobs are not associated with a reduction in the motivation for research. …Academic careers in Germany have been under debate for a while. We conduct a survey among postdocs in Germany, to …

Many governments wish to assess the quality of their universities. A prominent example is the UK's new Research … imperfectly-observed importance of the research). Our study should not be interpreted as the argument that only mechanistic …

agency in employment relationships relies on highly stylized assumptions regarding human motivation, e.g., that employees …

We collect data on the movement and productivity of elite scientists. Their mobility is remarkable: nearly half of the … large R&D spending. Our study cannot adjudicate on whether migration improves scientists' productivity, but we find that …

2007-2012 using a survey of employers, such as universities, institutions of applied higher education and research … view, assumes significant growth in research funding, which the respondents mostly did not believe would occur, despite it …

research has become much more internationally oriented. In this paper we document changes in the structure of research and …. While higher education started to grow substantially around 1960, only a few decades later, research and higher education … transformation is most clearly revealed in the change of language used in research from the national language, Latin, German and …