This paper analyzes the effect of family composition, and in particular the number of children, the age gap between the … children has a U -shaped effect on parents' involvement in social networks, with substantial differences between fathers and … on the father's involvement in social networks. The age gap between children has a positive effect on both parents …

Overall, children in Germany live in households with below average incomes; therefore social policies that address the … vulnerable position of Germany?s children are necessary. These policies should cover targeted financial transfers as well as … improvements in day care provision for children. With respect to selected non-monetary as well as monetary indicators our empirical …

The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of fiscal policy on the economic resources available to children … groups, and in particular to what degree do cash transfer and tax systems benefit children relative to older groups? Second …, what fractions of the needs of children are supported by elements of the tax and transfer systems directed explicitly to …

. This involves a method for embodying the ideal of children having priority on social resources into a particular set of …

local children. Reduced-form estimates offer evidence of adverse impacts almost 1.5 years after the shock: a worsening of … children's anthropometrics of 0.3 standard deviations, an increase of 15 to 20 percentage points in the incidence of infectious … diseases and an increase of roughly 7 percentage points in mortality for children under five. I also exploit intra- and inter …

large-scale physical destruction on the educational attainment, health status and labor market outcomes of German children … school-age during WWII. First, these children had 0.4 fewer years of schooling on average in adulthood, with those in the … most hard-hit cities completing 1.2 fewer years. Second, these children were about half inches (one centimeter) shorter and …