distinction seems to emerge. On the one hand, systems that rely on market-based competition in pharmaceuticals promote a clear …

In this study, we analyze a dynamic duopoly game in which firms can use advertising and price as competitive tools. The … assume that advertising creates a positive externality. Thus, each firm voluntarily advertises to persuade consumers to buy … technology level affect advertising, profits, and economic welfare and highlight the differences between the two cases. …

In this paper we introduce two models of opinion dynamics in oligopoly markets and apply them to a situation, where a … choice - (local) social interactions and (global) advertising - interact. We study the general behavior of the models using … market. For one of the models criticality is observed - below a certain critical level of advertising the market approaches a …

This paper develops a model of pricing and advertising in a matching environment with capacity constrained sellers and …. Equilibrium prices and profit maximizing advertising levels are derived and their properties analyzed. The model generates an … inverted U-shape relationship between individual advertisement and market tightness which is robust to alternative advertising …

We model comparative advertising as brands pushing up own brand perception and pulling down the brand image of targeted … the structural model. These attack matrices identify diversion ratios and hence comparative advertising damage measures …. We find that outgoing comparative advertising attacks are half as powerful as self-promotion in raising own perceived …

. Foreign-owned firms tend to be large, and thus the decisive share of BERD is performed by large enterprises. Pharmaceuticals … past fifteen years as foreign pharmaceuticals firms became majority owners in most companies, pursuing global R …

This paper reports a new theorem and proof for optimizing the advertising budget. The theorem is that the optimal rate … of advertising is equal to gross profit multiplied by advertising elasticity. This does not involve a ratio of … that it is easily adopted, by both large and small businesses, in place of heuristics such as industry advertising to sales …

in Karachi. It further analyzes the impact of mobile marketing acceptance on its advertising value. To achieve the … on its advertising value. By using SPSS software Statistical evidence at .05 level of significance proved that Prior … acceptance. Further simple liner regression proved that mobile marketing acceptance has positive impact on its advertising value …