This paper studies the effect of trade liberalization on an under-explored aspect of wage inequality - gender … gender. A reduction in tariffs induces more productive firms to modernize their technology and enter the export market. New … relative wage and employment of women improves in blue-collar tasks, but not in white-collar tasks. We test our model using a …

are women, ii) many women prefer to be treated by a female OB/GYN, iii) only a small portion of OB/GYNs are female. The … but do not entirely close the gender income gap …

The ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 officially granted voting rights to women across the United States …. However, many states extended full or partial suffrage to women before the federal amendment. In this paper, we discuss the … history of women's enfranchisement using an economic lens. We examine the demand-side, discussing the rise of the women …

household work. These gender inequalities are accompanied by weaker political participation among women. While the historical … frontier may have been empowering for some women, its predominant domesticity reinforced inegalitarian gender norms over the …This paper explores how historical gender roles become entrenched as norms over the long run. In the historical United …

Although the gender wage gap in the U.S. has narrowed, women's career trajectories diverge from men's after the birth … these policies. Using the American Time Use Survey, we find that women are less likely than men to have access to any … young women are more likely to have access to specifically designated paid parental leave, even in part-time jobs. Both …

study gender differences in promotion rates and in the wage gains attached to promotions. Several unique features of our … attached to promotions, and relatively few studies on gender differences have considered promotions and wage increases together …-defined population. Our results indicate that women have lower probabilities of promotion and expected promotion than do men but that …

This paper addresses the question of whether societies that afford economic opportunity to women offer other … opportunities as well. The analysis in this paper shows that the performance of a country's women in international athletic … relationship across countries between a high ratio of the labor force participation rate of women to the labor force participation …

This paper summarizes research on gender differences in economic settings. I discuss gender differences in attitudes … toward competition, altruism and the closely related issue of cooperation, and risk preferences. While gender differences in …. Surprisingly, the results are also quite mixed when concerning gender differences in risk attitudes. I discuss the external …

. The education gender gap was eliminated and married women's LFP averaged 70% over the same ages. In order to evaluate the …Women born in 1935 went to college significantly less than their male counterparts and married women's labor force … LFP. To eliminate the education gender gap requires, on the other hand, for the psychic cost of obtaining higher education …

Women enter retirement having spent fewer years in market work, earned less over their lifetimes, and worked in … many women end up with lower levels of retirement income in old age. We use the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), which … largely between nonmarried men and women. Multivariate models show that 85 percent of this retirement income gap can be …