Women are often less willing than men to compete, even in tasks where there is no gender gap in performance. Also, many … explain the gender gap in competitiveness. Experiment 1 studies whether stress responses (measured with salivary cortisol and … voluntary competition. We find that while the mandatory competition does increase stress levels, there is no gender difference …

compete is a predictor of individual and gender differences in career decisions and labor market outcomes. However, most … more than 1500 Swiss lower-secondary school students to ask how the gender gap in willingness to compete varies with …. The gender gap in willingness to compete is essentially zero among the lowest-ability students, but increases steadily …

that of the other traits. Gender differences in competitiveness can explain 5-10 percent of the observed gender differences …

This paper examines the effects of a massive salt iodization program on human capital formation of school-aged children … for boys. For non-cognitive skills, we find the opposite. We show in a simple model of parental investment that gender … preferences can explain our findings. Analyses exploiting within the province, village-level variation in gender attitudes confirm …

causes of-the gender gap in academic publishing: length of peer review. Using detailed administrative data from an economics … that all gender gaps decline-and eventually disappear-as the same referee reviews more papers. This pattern suggests novice …