This contribution starts out by noting a conflict of interest between consumers and insurers. Consumers face positive … Switzerland. Private U.S. but not Swiss insurance has a hedging effect for consumers, while both social insurance schemes expose … consumers to excess asset volatility. In the insurance systems of both countries, the private component fails to offset …

directly engage in international sales and purchases. However, to what extent and how consumers directly participate in and …Modern theoretical and empirical analyses in international trade typically focus on firms as the sole trading actors … shape international trade has remained largely unknown due to data limitations. In this paper, we use a unique dataset …