-performing third grade students in Colombia, to study whether providing educational support to low-achieving students affects the …-form effect on higher-achieving students as a spillover effect within treated schools. We then estimate a linear-in-means model of … explore several mechanisms, including teachers’ effort, students’ misbehavior, and peer-to-peer interactions. Our findings show …

parental recommendation affects students’ beliefs on their comparative advantage in math with respect to literature in a gender … less confident in their relative ability in math compared to literature when they must interact with male students in areas …