Nowadays marketing is often criticized for its low productivity: high corporate expenses on marketing are not balanced by equal customer satisfaction and loyalty. The source of this problem can be found in low effectiveness and ethical standard of the marketing activities. Wastefulness and low...

This paper considers various options replication methods. Firstly, a specific type of barrier option, an up-and-out call, is considered. Other barrier options are briefly also described, and various types of barriers are considered. Secondly, a general definition of replication methods is...