) reaction to rising and falling unemployment. In contrast, wage growth in establishments without collective bargaining adjusts … only to falling unemployment and is unaffected by rising unemployment. …

) reaction to rising and falling unemployment. In contrast, wage growth in establishments without collective bargaining adjusts … only to falling unemployment and is unaffected by rising unemployment. …

) reaction to rising and falling unemployment. In contrast, wage growth in establishments without collective bargaining adjusts … only to falling unemployment and is unaffected by rising unemployment. …

) reaction to rising and falling unemployment. In contrast, wage growth in establishments without collective bargaining adjusts … only to falling unemployment and is unaffected by rising unemployment. …

both unemployment and employment duration. Our analysis uses a rich administrative longitudinal data set for Germany where … can be an effective tool to reduce unemployment in the long run, in particular if participation occurs early during … unemployment. Long-term training schemes increase the average duration of employment spells more strongly than short-term training …

unemployment as well as across different subgroups of participants. We find that participating in short-term training reduces the … remaining time in unemployment and moderately increases job stability. Long-term training programs initially prolong the … remaining time in unemployment, but once the scheduled program end is reached participants exit to employment at a much faster …

unemployment as well as across different subgroups of participants. We find that participating in short-term training reduces the … remaining time in unemployment and moderately increases job stability. Long-term training programs initially prolong the … remaining time in unemployment, but once the scheduled program end is reached participants exit to employment at a much faster …