This article investigates the urban-rural metabolism with a focus on ecologically unequal exchange and asymmetry between stock-based and flow-based economy. By approaching the question of how the matter-energetic metabolism of the urban effects the rural, the article finds a difference between...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore ethical consumers' brand avoidance. The study contributes to brand-avoidance research by exploring what role consumers' ethical concerns play in their brand avoidance. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative approach is adopted by...