increasing fractions of aging workers. In particular, population aging will hit hard the industries in which the entry of young … workers is insufficient to meet rapidly growing labor demand …

unions on employment and the proportion of irregular workers, short-term and part-time workers, and agent temporary and … outsourced workers. While the estimation result shows that the percentage of hired workers increases under union presence, these …-unionized firms with grievance procedures employ higher proportion of irregular workers. The proportion of short-term and part …

regular workers reduces temporary employment rate and increases job tenure, whereas, it has no significant effect on wage … decile ratio. Second, strengthening EPL for irregular workers reduces temporary employment ratio, increases job tenure, and … diminishes wage gap among the regular workers. Third, EPL for regular workers improves the labor productivity growth rate until …

adjusting workers' productivity. In order to cope with a decrease in the workingage population, three policy alternatives are … highskilled manufacturing industry. If the skill composition of foreign workers were similar to that of native workers in the …