In this study, we attempt to understand how household budget allocations across various expenditure categories change when the economy is in recession or expansion. The common assumption is that a household’s tastes would not change as a function of economic conditions and therefore any...

Several major websites offer hybrid auctions that allow advertisers tobid on a per-impression or a per-click basis. We present the firstanalysis of this hybrid advertising auction setting. The conventionalwisdom is that brand advertisers (e.g. Coca-Cola) will bid perimpression, while direct...

Facebook and Google offer hybrid advertising auctions that allow advertisers to bid on a per-impression or a per-click basis for the same advertising space. This paper studies the properties of equilibrium and considers how to increase efficiency in this new auction format. Rational expectations...

Existing market-based measures of viewpoint diversity in the media have been criticized for lacking a theoretical foundation. This paper proposes a theoretical framework to develop market-based measures of viewpoint diversity. It then uses this framework to develop four viewpoint diversity...

The Federal Communications Commission regulates local media ownership to promote competition, diversity and the provision of local programming. This study investigates how local media cross-ownership, co-ownership and ownership diversity are associated with media market outcomes. Cross-sectional...