Past research suggests that concrete ad stimuli generate more imagery than abstract stimuli. However, this finding may not be culturally universal. Our research suggests that East Asians tend to generate more imagery than Westerners when exposed to abstract advertising messages, but these...

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we review the market manipulation literature in the context of corporate finance and study its implications for financial management. Second, we provide a new perspective on corporate finance theory, viewing the corporation as a "manipulator" of its...