Professional social protection, as provided by collective or firm agreements, induces inequalities in contents and in access. A historical analysis of employers' practices in the 19th century, combined with the study of the welfare state formation enabled us to put forward the central role...

This paper studies the elements which can explain the transformations of the concept of non profit sector after the French Revolution from 1789 to 1898. Our analysis is grounded on the study of economic thought as well as economic and social facts. Two periods are defined. From 1789 to 1898, the...

This paper tries to explain how the confrontation between economic liberalism, politic liberalism and civil liberalism, from 1789 to 1901, leads to transform the way of thinking of the non profit sector.