In this paper we report upon a first empirical exploration of the relative efficiency of innovation development by … product users vs. product producers. In a study of over 50 years of product innovation in the whitewater kayaking field, we …

producer-centered and internal innovation processes toward user-centered and open innovation processes. This paradigm shift … induces significant changes to the design of organizations. Even though the research field of user innovation has been … innovation strategies. We then derive the implications for each user innovation strategy on key dimensions of organizational …