The protection of user personal data is increasingly important, as emphasized in the European Union (EU)'s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). GDPR, with its stricter requirements (e.g., consent) and broader territorial scope, is considered a role model for countries that are moving...

The proliferation of online advertising not only brings new opportunities for advertisers to reach the consumers but also allows them to efficiently track large-scale individual-level data on ad exposures and conversions. Moreover, ad campaigns leveraging both online and offline media platforms...