Summary The rise of the East-German economy in the 1950s and 1960s and its decline in the 1970s and 1980s is difficult to explain by neoclassical economics. However; the observed life cycle may be explained by the inclusion of concepts from old and new institutional economics and from functional...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the multiplier effects of the grain subsidy program in China, which is a large food self-sufficiency project that is implemented as a cash transfer program. Income multiplier effects have not been empirically examined in the evaluation of the...

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to teach the reader how to compile a customer equity model in order to calculate the true profitability of customers. The reader can use the information to make better business decisions across their organization. Design/methodology/approach –...

Purpose – Looks at how the zeal to drive revenue growth can introduce a costly and unmanageable level of complexity, which obscures pieces of the business and drags down overall profitability. Design/methodology/approach – Opinion piece. Findings – Managers can take four distinct actions...