Managers of new-to-the-market ingredient brands often use brand alliances to help establish the identity of an ingredient brand name. One common form of a brand alliance is joint branding in which an ingredient brand name is promoted on the host brand package. For new-to-the-market or little...

Prior research on corporate headquarters (CHQ) characteristics identifies the impact of CHQ location and composition on the innovation outcomes of internal subsidiaries. However, given that external strategic alliances with high-tech entrepreneurial firms represent a key source of innovation for...