This paper aims to focus on the decision making procedure "Ringi System" of Japanese Management Process. It is a … decision making process termed "Ringi" with a bottom up approach to overcome the traditional autocratic decision making … practice. The paper aims at the characteristics of decision making procedure and its influence on the management style in Japan …

critical decision is whether to enter a high-potential market early. Large innovation and development investments involved in … this decision increase uncertainty. We examine the importance ascribed by U.S. and Japanese managers to competitive forces … develop several propositions. We develop a decision-making exercise simulating early market entry decisions, and tested our …