Many online platforms adopt the ad-sponsored business model, which involves offering free services to consumers while collecting their data and selling targeted advertising space to advertisers. However, collecting consumer data has raised growing privacy concerns, which may affect consumers’...

The online-search and social-networking industries are characterized by the concentration of large market shares among a very limited number of actors. Being advertisement-based media, search engines and social-networking websites fall within the category of special types of markets known as...