We study how upward communication - from workers to managers - about individual efforts affects the effectiveness of gift exchange as a contract-enforcement device for work teams. Our findings suggest that the use of such self-assessments can be detrimental to workers' performance. In the...

Extremely motivated and satisfied employees lead an organization towards the desired results. One of the strategies for motivating people is communication. The condition for functioning of the organization and achieving the individual goals of employees as well as those of the organization a...