Research Questions: Are the effects of productive leadership on individual working performance higher than the effects of pay-for-performance programs? Methods: Empirical study using survey to evaluate the correlation between individual working perfor-mance of employees, pay-for- performance...

How do wage and other financial benefits affect the set of candidates for political office? In this theoretical paper, we answer the question by studying self-selection into politics of individuals with heterogeneous skills and heterogeneous motivations. Our predictions are in line with the...

Using retail chain data, we study the effects of a tournament incentive plan based primarily on objective performance, but incorporating managerial discretion in the selection of winners. In principle, such plans could motivate employees to perform both at a high level, based on objective...