Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems not only have a broad functional scope promising to support many different business processes, they also embed many different aspects of the company’s organizational memory. Disparities can exist between those memory contents in the ERP system and...

Experts in organizational change and reengineering estimate that only 30‐35 percent of projects are successful. One commentator has suggested that around $20 billion of the $32 billion a year spent on reengineering is for efforts which fail. A large number of the failures are caused by...