In this paper, we determine how premium payment methods impact effective prices (prices that include any consumer payment rewards). This question is fundamentally related to policy, and we provide a robust answer by considering how a variety of retail market structures are impacted by multiple...

We estimate private costs in the Swedish banking sector for the production of payment services and investigate to what extent the price structure reflects the estimated cost structure. We find that (i) banks tend to use two-part tariffs but (ii) variable costs are poorly reflected in transaction...

Current methodologies to calculate a consumer price index (CPI) with online prices have shown an abnormal downward trend. This paper introduces a new methodology that avoids this problem by effectively mitigating the effects of product turnover. The method mimics the decision-making process of...

This article uses automated machine learning to discover the most relevant determinants of non-fungible tokens (NFT) prices. NFTs pricing is affected by several internal and external factors, including market conditions, network factors, and NFTs features. Automated Machine Learning (AML) is a...

Electricity markets are prone to the abuse of market power. Several US markets employ algorithms to monitor and mitigate market power abuse in real time. The performance of automated mitigation procedures is contingent on precise estimates of firms' marginal production costs. Currently, marginal...