effects of attending a more advanced track in middle school on long-term education and labor market outcomes for Germany, a … favorable long-term outcomes. We attribute this result to the up- and downgrading of students between tracks after middle school … exposure to a less advanced school environment. …

Recent research exploits a variety of natural experiments that create exogenous variation in annual school days to … number of school days between kindergarten students' fall and spring tests in the nationally representative Early Childhood … Longitudinal Study – Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K). The marginal effect of a typical 250-day school-year on kindergarten students …