Frequent Shopper programs are becoming ubiquitous in retailing. Retailers seem unsure however about whether these programs are leading to higher loyalty, or to higher profits. In this paper we analyze data from a US supermarket chain that has used a number of frequent shopper rewards to improve...

We find that internationalization in the grocery sector has steeply increased over the last 15 years, but is still surprisingly limited. Although internationalization has a number of undeniable advantages for grocery retailers, our statistical analysis shows that the degree of...