We examine whether parental and school investments reinforce or compensate for student performance. Our analysis … exploits school-starting-age rules in 34 countries, capturing achievement variation that arises because younger children … school investments are substitutes. …

We evaluate the impact of the Gambian hardship allowance, which provides a salary premium of 30-40% to primary school …

books at home and a variable combining the type and location of their school represent the most important predictors of … student performance in all of the analysed countries, while other school characteristics are rarely relevant. Econometric … Portugal. Considering only general school students, the differences between big and small cities are not statistically …

This paper argues that school grades cannot be interpreted solely as a reward for a given school performance, since … they also reflect teachers' ratings of pupils. Grades therefore contain valuable information about pupils' own - usually … effort that pupils invest in education. Getting discounted grades in year 6 for a given level of math performance assessed …

all due to differences in what students bring with them to school - socio-economic background, cultural factors, and the … like? Or do school systems make a difference? This essay argues that differences in features of countries' school systems … factors of the school system, as well as factors beyond the school system, account for cross-country achievement differences …

all due to differences in what students bring with them to school – socio-economic background, cultural factors, and the … like? Or do school systems make a difference? This essay argues that differences in features of countries' school systems … factors of the school system, as well as factors beyond the school system, account for cross-country achievement differences …

and private schooling on student scores in Australia. We control for observable and unobservable influences, at school and …

This paper studies the effect of longer school days - induced by voluntary all-day programs in German primary schools … - on school performance. We combine data from the National Educational Panel Study covering 5348 primary school students … with municipality-level information on all-day school investments. Facing the challenge of selection into all-day school …

This paper studies the effect of longer school days - induced by voluntary all-day programs in German primary schools … - on school performance. We combine data from the National Educational Panel Study covering 5771 primary school students … with municipality-level information on all-day school investments. Facing the challenge of selection into all-day school …