Companies need to measure brand equity to make the best tactical and strategic decisions related to this intangible asset. Therefore, this paper develops a measure of brand equity using a formative approach. Unlike previous research, this study proposes a second-order formative model and...

[ES] Las empresas necesitan medir el valor de sus marcas para poder tomar las mejores decisiones tácticas y estratégicas relativas a estos activos intangibles. Es por ello que este trabajo desarrolla un instrumento de medida del valor de marca utilizando un enfoque formativo. A diferencia de...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose and test a model that shows how extending a brand affects the overall brand image. The relations between the relevant variables in brand extension strategies in the UK and Spanish markets are analysed to determine if the brand extension...

Purpose – This study seeks to investigate the measurement invariance of the consumer‐based brand equity scale across two samples of UK and Spanish consumers. Design/methodology/approach – Brand equity was conceptualised as a multi‐dimensional concept consisting of brand awareness,...