university and high school students, the measured peer effects on “social” outcomes such as drinking are larger than the effects …

with school system resources. The model is rich, yet sufficiently stylized to provide novel implications. It can show, for … example, that an improvement in parental outside options will reduce parental and school effort, which are partially … compensated through school resources. In this way, by incorporating the behavioral responses of parents, teachers and policymakers …

of pupils taking their age-14 national tests, and measure students‟ ability by their prior achievements at age-11. We … average peer quality and very good peers significantly affect pupils‟ academic achievements. However, these results mask some …

of pupils taking their age-14 national tests, and measure students‟ ability by their prior achievements at age-11. We … average peer quality and very good peers significantly affect pupils‟ academic achievements. However, these results mask some …

of peer effect we restrict to no-child-adult-peers who completed their education much before the children in our sample …