degrees. We show annual earnings and hours worked while enrolled in graduate school vary a lot by gender and degree. Finally …

transition to independence among students with disabilities. We exploit a discontinuity created by admissions thresholds from a … male students, but the sample of female students is too small to support strong conclusions about outcomes. Notably, these … estimates are for a system of CTE high schools operating at scale and serving students across a wide spectrum of disabilities …

We investigate whether tests taken during a high stakes grade by German primary and secondary students produce higher … math scores than in lower stakes grades. We identify a high stakes grade with the final grade of primary or secondary … that high stakes increase math scores on average by 0.17 to 0.23 standard deviations, a sizeable effect. …

We study an intensive math instruction policy that assigned low-skilled 9th graders to an algebra course that doubled … students with below average reading skills, emphasizing the need to target interventions toward appropriately skilled students. …

To understand the socio-economic enrollment gap in university attendance, we elicit students’ beliefs about the … benefits of university education in a sample of 2,540 secondary school students. Our choice model estimates reveal that …. Students with low socio-economic status perceive pecuniary and non-pecuniary returns to be lower. Beliefs explain 48% of the …

In the three decades before the pandemic, mean achievement of U.S. 8th graders in math rose by more than half a … standard deviation on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Between 2019 and 2022, U.S. students had … between NAEP scores and students' later life outcomes by year and state of birth. We find that a standard deviation …

, increasing the achievement levels of students' peers improves students' math and ELA test scores but harms their ELA course … socio-economic and academic skill composition of schools. We exploit the quasi-random reassignment of students across … grades. Test score benefits accrue primarily to students from higher-income families, though students with lower family …

We extend the analysis of early-emerging gender differences in academic achievement to include both (objective) test … favoring girls, and that the misalignment of grades and test scores can be linked to gender differences in non … every case except for black fifth-graders. Boys score at least as well on math and science tests as girls, with the …

. -- gender ; competition ; incentives ; GRE ; high stakes ; low stakes ; test score gap …