Contracts between entities within the public sector are exempt from public procurement rules if they meet the requirements set out in Article 12 of Directive 2014/24.The ECJ’s judgement in case C-295/05 (Asemfo) left unanswered the issue of how deeply Competition law applies to in-house...

In a Dynamic setting, we compare procurement schemes in the form of a lump-sum payment with an optimal information-revealing menu of contracts without commitment. We find that lump-sum contracts generate two benefits. First, they always provide optimal levels of effort. Second, they 'tie the...