-level management, indicating that women managers with closer interactions with their subordinates have a higher impact on the gender … pay gap than women on higher management levels. The results are similar for East and West Germany, despite the lower … gender pay gap and more gender egalitarian social norms in East Germany. From a policy perspective, we conclude that …

This paper investigates if there is state dependence in the gender composition of managers in German establishments. We … analyze whether the number of hired female managers (respectively the share of females within hired managers) depends on the … female manager hires in present leads to more female hired managers in the future. Similarly, the number of male manager …

introduction of gender quotas in Germany, effective in 2016, indicating the effectiveness of gender quota policies for board gender …