Do politico-economic systems influence how control affects motivation? We hypothesize that control aversion, meaning … crowding-out of intrinsic motivation due to enforcement, has evolved less under the coercive regime of East Germany than under … in both parts of Germany. Surprisingly, intrinsic motivation in the absence of control is very similar among East and …

motivation, effort, and performance in math for low-achieving children, without hurting high-achieving children. Among low …-achievers, those receiving more points and moving up in the ranking improved strongest on motivation and math performance. In addition …, we document substantial gender differences in response to this type of RPF: improvements in motivation and learning are …

demand, based on the nexus of motivation, preference, and intention of cruise tourists. The paper aims to identify the …