The energy-ratio (output energy to input energy ratio) and specific energy (input energy to yield ratio denoted by MJ/kg) of farmers in crop production systems are indices, which can define the efficiency and performance of farms. Technical efficiency (weighted output energy to weighted input...

Modern farming has become very energy intensive. Nowadays cropping pattern, farm activities and level of technology define the energy requirements. Energy needs are not only increasing in the agricultural sector, but in all sectors involving human activities. There is a great need to balance the...

A village was selected from agro-climatic zone-5 in Punjab (India) to assess energy-resource availability, expenditure and shortcomings of the village ecosystem. Data on energy inputs and outputs were collected over a period of two years. The village had a gross power of 3.9 kW/ha and the...

Energy inputs and crop yields of rice by 209 farmers from three villages were collected over 2 years and analysed. Relations were found between crop yield and tillage, irrigation, fertilizers, and pre-harvest or total energy inputs. The 209 farmers were divided into 25 homogeneous groups by...

The goal of this study was to get feedback from farmers in selected Tennessee counties on their willingness to grow switchgrass as a dedicated bioenergy crop. Switchgrass can be grown on marginal land. It is environmentally friendly (useful for erosion control etc.) and can assist rural...

With numerous food recalls in the last few years, food safety has become an important concern for the food industry and consumers. Millions of people are sickened and thousands die each year from consuming contaminated and unsafe food in the U .S. This paper compiles information on the profile...

Goat meat has become an increasingly good source of protein for meat eaters in the global marketplace. Goat meat constitutes about 63% of all red meat consumed worldwide. It is the main source of animal protein in many North African, Middle Eastern nations, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and...

This article investigates two competing explanations of the mere exposure effect-the cognition-based perceptual fluency/misattribution theory (PF/M) and the affect-based hedonic fluency model (HFM)-under incidental exposure conditions. In two studies, the classical mere exposure effect is...