In this report, we examine the career progression of nurses and other staff groups within the NHS Agenda for Change (AfC) pay framework in England over the decade between 2012 and 2021. We document differences in progression across pay bands between staff groups and within groups of nurses to...

The 2021 Child Tax Credit (CTC) expansion increased government benefits to families, and especially to families with the lowest incomes. Economic theory predicts that this policy intervention would have led to a reduction in labor supply among adults in those families. Our review of available...

We develop a dynamic microsimulation model to project the labor force and economic dependency ratios in the United States from 2022 to 2060, taking population projections and the large inequalities between population groups of different race/ethnicity and gender into account. We contrast policy...