Although explicit discrimination in access to social programs is typically prohibited, more subtle forms of … discrimination prior to the formal application process may still exist. Unveiling this phenomenon, we provide the first causal … evidence of discrimination against migrants seeking child care. We send emails from fictitious parents to > 18, 000 early child …

We assess the impact of discrimination on Black individuals’ job networks across the U.S. using a two-stage field … discrimination across social groups. In the second stage, we exogenously endow Black and White profiles with the same networks and … ask connected users for career advice. We find no evidence of direct discrimination in information provision. However …