This paper investigates work effort using novel air pressure data from compressed air machinery which moved directly with effort in a large manufacturing plant. Work effort is found to vary by shift, and standard shift differentials do not fully compensate for the disutility of non-standard...

Firms with high shares of workers on fixed-term contracts have significantly higher sales of imitative new products but perform significantly worse on sales of inno¬va¬tive new products (“first on the market”). High functional flexibility in “insider-outsider” la¬bor markets enhances...