We exploit the change to the minimum school-leaving age in the United Kingdom from 14 to 15 using a regression discontinuity design to evaluate the causal effect of one more year of education on cognitive abilities at older ages. We find a large and significant effect of this reform on males'...

This paper shows that there are large differences in cognitive and socio-emotional development between children from rich and poor backgrounds at the age of 3, and that this gap widens by the age of 5. Children from poor backgrounds also face much less advantageous "early childhood caring...

Introduction -- Tooke's contributions -- Tooke's approach to value and distribution -- On Tooke's explanation of agricultural price movements -- An explanation of general price movements -- The monetary thought of the pre-banking school Tooke, 1819-1838 -- The monetary thought of the banking...