An improved chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique has been provided to prepare zinc sulfide (ZnS) thin films on glass substrates deposited at 80–82°C using a mixed aqueous solution of zinc sulfate, ammonium sulfate, thiourea, hydrazine hydrate, and ammonia at the alkaline conditions. Both...

Copper indium diselenide (CuInSe2) thin films were grown on indium–tin oxide (ITO)/soda-lime glass using a one-step cathodic electrodeposition process at potentials lower than -0.6 V vs SCE, and in the presence of a large excess of In3+. The source solution contained CuCl2, InCl3, and H2SeO3...

A simply modified bath deposition technique has been successfully used to deposit uniform CdS thin films using cadmium chloride or cadmium acetate as the cadmium ion source, and thiourea as the sulfur source on glass substrates. Both the traditional magnetic agitation and the frequent substrate...

Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were prepared by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering and under a quite low vacuum level of 2.3 × 10-3 Pa. The sputtering was done in an Ar and O2 gas mixture at a temperature of 200°C. A ceramic In2O3:SnO2 target (10 wt% SnO2) was used. The...

Intrinsic zinc oxide (i-ZnO) film was prepared for CuInSe2 (CIS) solar cell application [L. Stolt and J. Hedstrom, Appl. Phys. Lett. 62 (1993) 8; D. Rudmann, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Basel, Basel, (2004)] on glass substrate by inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-assisted DC magnetron sputtering...

Electrosorption of carbon nanotube and nanofiber (CNT–CNF) composite film electrodes was studied as a new desalination technology. The CNT–CNF composite film electrodes were grown on nickel sheets by low pressure thermal chemical vapor deposition. Different growth conditions at different...

The effect of annealing temperature on the magnetic and giant magnetostriction (GMS) of [Fe/Tb/Fe/Dy]n multilayer films were investigated. X-ray diffraction showed that the multilayer films' microstructures were still in amorphous at annealing temperature 300°C. The multilayer films began to...

The magnetic properties and giant magnetostriction effect (GMS) of the amorphous alternant [Tb/Fe/Dy]n (named S1) and [Fe/Tb/Fe/Dy]m (named S2) nano-multilayer films have been studied. The magnetic hysteresis loops show that easy magnetic direction changes from perpendicular to the film plane...

The dynamics and the conditions of amorphous transitions induced in a Ge1Sb2Te4 system upon a single femtosecond (fs) pulse melting were studied by real-time reflectivity measurements. The system has a multilayer structure of 100 nm ZnS–SiO2/(15–100 nm) Ge1Sb2Te4/120 nm ZnS–SiO2/0.6 mm...

A simple and hydrazine-free solution-based approach for depositing Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) and Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) absorber layers is reported. The process involves incorporating metal salts (Cu(CH3COO)2, Zn(CH3COO)2, SnCl2) and thiourea into a single pyridine-based solution, spin-coating a...