practice,” should be the fundamental form of leadership that characterizes participatory organizational change. The parties … affected by change are those engaged who seek to reflect upon their own tacit collective practices. Their mode of communication … leadership, dialogue, and deliberation should be included among the bedrock principles of participatory organizational change …

Performance appraisals are an important managerial tool. As the evaluation of performance is conducted by persons …, there is a subjective component in the appraisals. When conducting performance appraisals biases occur, which could …