When suppliers (i.e., contract manufacturers) fail to comply with environmental or safety regulations, several non-governmental agencies and consumer activists put pressure on the buyers (customers) to take necessary actions to improve supplier compliance. Due to concerns over negative image and...

We model a situation in which two retailers consider launching an "Advance Booking Discount" (ABD) program. In this program, customers are enticed to precommit their orders at a discount price prior to the regular selling season. However, these precommitted orders are filled during the selling...

Merchandise planning is the process conducted by a retailer to ensure that the right product is available to the customer at the right place, time, quantity and price. This process involves selecting the products the retailer will carry and determining the purchase quantities of these products....