The objectives of branding and marketing in the public sector can differ in nature from those in the private sector, to include an improved responsiveness to public needs, rather than an increase in customer numbers. In addition, the customer orientation (a disposition that will influence brand...

Financial data drawn from Marks and Spencer's archives and annual reports is used to identify five phases in the Company' sales growth. Early, rather erratic, growth, often through acquisition, gave way to a second phase of store development funded by the Company's floatation in the 1920s. Sales...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to test whether employee characteristics (age, gender, role and experience) influence the effects of employer brand image, for warmth and competence, on employee satisfaction and engagement. Design/methodology/approach: Members of the public were surveyed...

Purpose: This paper aims to critique human personality as a theory underpinning brand personality and to propose instead a theory from human perception, and by doing so, to identify universally relevant dimensions. Design/methodology/approach: A review of published measures of brand...

Purpose: Drawing from the theory of how relevant items are processed in memory when making judgements, this study aims to test for recency effects between CSR advertising and related, negative news on how a company is perceived and the explanatory roles of environmentalism, attribution and both...

The avoidance of TV advertising categories often include either mechanical (e.g., switching channels) or behavioral (e.g., talking to someone). Previous research seeking to explain avoidance with demographic and attitudinal factors shows conflicting results. Our aims are: to identify from these...

In the channels literature, research involving behavioural constructs is extensive. However, there have been persistent calls for more comprehensive models to explain channel phenomena (Anderson and Narus 1984; Anderson and Narus 1990; Gattorna 1978, Stern and Reve 1980) particularly where all construct...

Achieving a good response rate is a goal in every survey. Response rate has also become an interesting academic debate. On one side Hunt (1990) maintains that since marketing is a social science, where most of the time researchers are interested in examining relationships rather than determining...