Purpose: The aim of this research is to develop a two stages optimization model on make or buy analysis and quality improvement considering learning and forgetting curve. The first stage model is developed to determine the optimal selection of process/suppliers and the component allocation to...

Quality, defined as companies with high returns on capital, good quality of earnings, and low leverage, has substantial superior investment return predictability. Quality firms as selected by our strategy generate substantially superior returns even though they are significantly larger than the...