grading standards on student outcomes are relatively understudied. Using administrative data that links individual students … characteristics and levels of ability, students' relative rank within the classroom, and school context. High teacher grading …

Students are admitted into higher education based on their past performance. This paper compares two measures of past … teacher assessment and exam scores for selecting successful students may vary with the degree of selectivity of higher … education programmes. We find that teacher scores predict students' performance in higher education more accurately, and its …

data from a school/classroom survey of almost 3,000 students conducted in 2010 in three Russian regions. The analysis … employs a student fixed effects method that estimates the impact of teaching practices used by students’ mathematics and … Russian language teachers on students’ exam results. To test for possible heterogeneous effects of practices in different …

This paper addresses the issue of school students' part-time employment in the last year of compulsory education, and …

, arguably causal evidence that teacher expectations affect students' educational attainment. Estimates suggest that the … overly optimistic about students' ability to complete a four-year college degree. However, the degree of over-optimism of … white teachers is significantly larger for white students than for black students. This highlights a nuance that is …