"Proactive behavior can achieve important outcomes, including improved job performance and satisfaction, career success and organizational prosperity. Andrew J. DuBrin outlines a number of useful strategies in areas such as opportunity creation, innovation, entrepreneurship and problem solving....

In this study the performance of players in relegated German football clubs is analysed, in particular the change in their contribution to team production. The players in the data sample differ regarding their outside options. Different career opportunities of players may have two effects when...