The authors carried out a macroeconomic analysis and risky entrepreneurial activity in the agricultural machinery market, to identify the main threats to economic security in the test industry, summarize the risks and opportunities of the extent of their occurrence, in a matrix of risk levels....

This article examines the impact of customer reward programs on the competitive outcome in duopolistic markets. We argue that loyalty discounts for repeat customers constitute a commitment device beneficial to suppliers rather than customers. Analyzing a two-period Bertrand model we show that...