Sports clubs are subject to the same pressures as other commercial organisations to go beyond purely financial objectives and accept that they have broader social responsibilities. Furthermore, other researchers have called for sport to adopt a strategic approach to their social responsibility...

Previous research on sports rivalry has emphasized fans' social identity and the threat posed by rivals. Much of this scholarship is based on intercollegiate sports, where many fans, such as students and alumni, have a formally defined identity with the university. In this study, fans (N =...