. Design/methodology/approach – Using data from Bond's Franchising Report the study analyses franchisors operating between 1994 …, financial assistance, sub-franchising and restrictions against passive ownership, and the use of area development agreements are … and financial assistance to new franchisees in the early stages of a franchise. They should also allow sub-franchising but …

the franchise chains with which they wish to enter into business. Working within the framework of signaling theory, this …